Praxis SLP Licensure Exam

A neonate with cleft palate, micrognathia, and airway obstruction most likely has which condition?

1. Pierre Robin sequence

2. Velocardiofacial syndrome

3. Down syndrome

4. Pfeiffer syndrome

The correct answer is: Pierre Robin sequence

The presence of cleft palate, micrognathia (a condition where the jaw is smaller than normal), and airway obstruction in a neonate is strongly indicative of Pierre Robin sequence. This condition is characterized by a specific triad of symptoms: micrognathia, glossoptosis (a condition in which the tongue is positioned further back in the mouth than normal), and airway obstruction, often accompanied by cleft palate. The association between these features is critical in understanding Pierre Robin sequence. In this case, the small jaw can lead to the tongue falling back and obstructing the airway, which is a major concern in affected neonates. The cleft palate is often present due to the developmental issues that arise from the abnormal positioning of the jaw and tongue. Other conditions listed do not typically present the same combination of symptoms. For example, Velocardiofacial syndrome involves a range of features including cardiac anomalies and specific facial characteristics, but it does not primarily present with micrognathia and airway obstruction as defining elements. Down syndrome may include a variety of congenital abnormalities, but the classic triad seen in Pierre Robin sequence is not a hallmark. Pfeiffer syndrome is associated with craniosynostosis and does not present with the cleft palate